VCL and neoplasm: Indeed, our data suggest that MV proteins, mainly acting as chaperones or metabolic enzymes, would offer a protective system and a metabolic support to tumor cells against stressful inputs from environment occurring during tumor expansion, whereas Exo proteins could supply cells with molecules important for cell–matrix adhesion (procollagen III), cell migration and aggressiveness (moesin, S100-A14 protein), or resistance to anticancer drugs (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, subunit RPB11-a), possibly cooperating with MV proteins with similar activity (lamin B1 and vimentin).