Furthermore, a Turkish study, in which genomes of 158 sporadic and 78 familial ALS patients were compared with those of 420 healthy controls, found that 31–32 polyQ repeats in the ATXN2 gene were associated with a risk of ALS in 1.7% of the Turkish ALS cohort (p = 0.0172) and that a significant association of a 136-kb haplotype block across ATXN2 and SH2B3 genes was found in 19.4% of a subset of the ALS cohort and in 10.1% of the controls (p = 0.0057, OR 2.23), an indication that ATXN2 and SH2B3 variants may interact in modulating the disease pathway [46]. This evidence concerns the gene ATXN2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.