We also excluded the small number of patients carrying GBA mutations as these patients are likely to have a more rapid progression to dementia and may show a divergent sequence of events (Blauwendraat et al., 2020), although we note that the model is statistically unchanged if these seven patients are included [τ =  0.75 (P = 2 × 10–12 ) and BC = 0.99] (Supplementary material). Here, GBA1 is linked to breast cancer.