TNF and Alzheimer disease: Pre-incubation with an Aβ-specific nanobody (Nb3) (Paraschiv et al., 2013) significantly and substantially reduced membrane permeabilization by TNF-treated Alzheimer’s disease neuron secretomes from PSEN1 M146I (reduction of 31.0% ± 1.9%) (Fig. 3E) and Intron 4 (reduction of 58.7% ± 2.3%) mutants (Fig. 3F).