While partial/complete loss-of-function mutations in MC4R, including the partial loss-of-function p.Ile269Asn mutation, have been consistently shown to increase BMI / obesity risk in diverse populations7,9,13,18, BMI-dependent and independent associations with elevated FPI have been reported in some but not all cohorts, including ours9,18–20. The gene discussed is MC4R; the disease is Obesity.