In 2019, a study identified a significant exome-wide association between the p.Ile269Asn/rs79783591 A > T mutation in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene and T2D in Hispanic/Latino individuals (minor allele frequency (MAF): 0.89%, OR = 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.63–2.89, p = 4 × 10–7)6. Here, MC4R is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.