Surprisingly, neither the levels of phosphorylated histone H2A.X (a DNA damage marker) nor the expression of p53 target genes (Mdm2, Cdkn1a, Ccnd1, Gadd45a, and Bax) was altered in colonic tissues in Mif−/− mice compared to those in Mif+/+ mice, suggesting that MIF failed to regulate an AOM-induced p53-dependent response in colonic epithelia (Figures S2H, I). This evidence concerns the gene CDKN1A and infectious otitis media.