The nicotinic cholinergic receptor gene CHRNA3 is highly expressed in the human colon and small intestine19; the product of CCT2 was shown to cooperate with Gli1 and Hedgehog in the development of CRC20; CEP55 contributes to a feedback loop with the master transcription factor FOXM1 in malignant transformation21; and the prognosis of patients with a high level of TYRP1 expression in their tumors was found to be poor in a small CRC cohort22, consistent with our present findings. This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA3 and colorectal carcinoma.