In addition to macrophages, further immunological differences between radicular cysts and apical granulomas include the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD83, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) and Gal3, which appears to be significantly higher in radicular cysts than in apical granulomas [139]. The gene discussed is LGALS3; the disease is dental pulp disorder.