In situ studies of acne lesions have shown that the genes encoding CXCL8/IL-8, hBD-4, MMP1, MMP2, TLR2, and TLR4 are upregulated in the epidermis [93,95], and that this upregulation is associated with the activation of the NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors [105]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is acne.