We identified 19 factors that were secreted at significantly higher levels in the rectal cancer secretome compared to the normal rectal secretome: Flt-1 (p = 0.001), P1GF (p = 0.01), IFN-γ (p = 0.04), IL-6 (p = 0.02), IL-10 (p = 0.0002), CCL20 (p = 0.005), CCL26 (p = 0.009), CCL22 (p = 0.007), CCL3 (p = 0.002), CCL4 (p = 0.0007), CCL17 (p = 0.02), GM-CSF (p < 0.0001), IL-12/IL-23p40 (p = 0.01), IL-17A (p = 0.0003), IL-1α (p = 0.003), IL-17A/F (p = 0.003), IL-1RA (p = 0.03), TSLP (p = 0.007) and CXCL10 (p = 0.001) (Figure 3A–S). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and rectal cancer.