IFNG and Parkinson disease: In addition, as prolonged expression of IFNγ in central nervous system has been reported to lead to neuronal and glial cell damage [97], and activated astrocytes have been described to have high levels of IFNγR in Parkinson’s disease models, suggesting that this cytokine can mediate the toxic effects of neighboring neurons [98], DEX treatment could have had neurotoxic effects in both control and clinical animals.