IL36G and neoplasm: In this study, we aimed to apply the cytokine IL-36γ to cancer immunotherapy by constructing new oncolytic vaccinia viruses (OV) expressing interleukin-36γ (IL-36γ-OVs), leveraging unique synergism between OV and IL-36γ’s ability to promote antitumor adaptive immunity and modulate tumor microenvironment (TME).