CD4 and autoimmune disease: In support of the latter explanation, repertoire analyses in patients receiving an autoHSCT for the treatment of autoimmune diseases have suggested that CD4+ T-cells largely arise de novo, since most CD4+ T-cell clones post-autoHSCT were not present at baseline, while CD8+ T-cells mainly expand from cells that were already circulating pre-transplantation (Muraro et al., 2005; Muraro et al., 2014; Dubinsky et al., 2010).