However, Pin1 interacts with or regulates other key molecules involved in metabolic diseases, including obesity-related factors AMPK 62-65, PPARγ 66, and PRDM16 67; osteoporosis-related factors Runx2 68-70 and BMP2 71; and Nash-related factors Smad2/Smad3 and the TGF-β1 pathway 72. This evidence concerns the gene PIN1 and metabolic disease.