SMAD3 and pancreatic neoplasm: Results showed that purified recombinant human FST (30-317 aa) protein (Figure 6C) significantly inhibited activin A-induced Smad3 phosphorylation (Figure 6D, Figure S6C), decreased gemcitabine resistance (Figure 6E, Figure S6D) and reduced gene expressions of pancreatic cancer stemness markers (Figure 6F, Figure S6E) in gemcitabine resistant PDAC cells.