The typical pathological characteristics of AD are macroscopic cortical atrophy and brain weight loss as well as neuropathy, such as extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) peptide deposits, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) mediated by intracellular tau aggregates, and reactive glial hyperplasia under the microscope 70, 71. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.