ACTA1 and fibrosis: Treiber et al. (Treiber et al., 2011) induced a CP model in mice with RelA knockout specifically in pancreatic acinar cells (RelaΔpanc), and they discovered more serious manifestations in RelaΔpanc mice with extensive acinar cell necrosis and pancreatic fibrosis; meanwhile, the expressions of α-SMA and F4/80 in pancreas were also increased.