In conclusion, AdipoRon suppressed orthotopic Panc02 tumour growth through inhibition of tumour cell survival and tumour angiogenesis in part via ERK1/2 activation, leading to induction of necrotic cell death in tumours, and this effect was ameliorated by obesity-associated factors (Fig. 6). The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.