Common pathophysiologic changes including elevated levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, D-dimer, factor VIII, and insulin resistance have been subsumed as inflammaging, and may be involved in the development of clinical syndromes such as sarcopenia and the frailty phenotype, alterations in markers of CVD such as arterial stiffness and finally CVD and CV events itself24,49,50. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and Insulin resistance.