When the cells were pretreated with free mannose, the fluorescence accumulation induced by internalized Rho@M-γ-CD significantly decreased (Supplementary Fig. 31), which confirmed that the CRC targeting of M-γ-CD-based CNPs was derived from the specific binding between the mannose groups of CNPs and the MR of CRC cells. This evidence concerns the gene NR3C2 and colorectal carcinoma.