SMAD3 and Myocardial fibrosis: Consistent with our hypothesis, ginsenoside Rg2 reduced expressions of TGF-β1, p-Smad3, and collagen I. These findings suggested that ginsenoside Rg2 alleviates myocardial fibrosis and therefore improves the impairment of cardiac function by regulating TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway after myocardial ischaemia.