HLA-DPA1 and cancer: Regarding the EP subtype, PD-1/PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy and DNA damage responses are related to downregulation of B2M and HLA (HLA-B, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DRA) and to upregulation of FANCB. These results imply that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may be a suitable treatment for NMIBC patients with the EP subtype.