NFKB1 and infection: To check whether intracellular signaling pathways were involved in the regulation IFN-γ and IL-10 in Ms_Rv0580c infected macrophages, we treated the differentiated THP-1 macrophage cells with N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) (NF-κB inhibitor) [27], SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) [28] and SB202190 (p38 inhibitor) [29], for 1 h before infection.