MAPK8 and infection: The results showed that after treatment with NF-κB inhibitor and JNK inhibitor, HIF-1α expression was down-regulated in Ms_Rv0580c infected THP-1 macrophages, as compared to Ms_pNIT infected THP-1 macrophages, at 24 h post-infection, while, after treatment with p38 inhibitor, HIF-1α expression was unaffected (Figure 5E).