In line with the promoting role of excess adiposity in carcinogenesis, a decrease in circulating levels of adiponectin and/or adiponectin/leptin ratio is associated with an increased risk of obesity-induced cancers, including breast, endometrial, prostate, hepatic, and colorectal cancers [7]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.