ESR1 and breast carcinoma: Following MC3324 induction, miR-181a-5p was weakly/mildly up-regulated in 9/18 samples of healthy breast tissues, was unchanged in 5/18 samples, and was down-regulated in 4/18 samples, as shown in Figure 6B. In contrast, qPCR analysis in primary BC tissues confirmed miR-181a-5p induction in almost all primary tumor samples, corroborating the data obtained in MCF-7 cells, as shown in Figure 1C. Together, these data suggest a prominent role for miR-181a-5p in BC after MC3324 treatment and validate miR-181a-5p as a possible hallmark for breast cancer via ERα signaling.