TLR8 and its co-receptor molecule CD14 are up-regulated in PBMCs from APS patients as compared with those from healthy controls or patients affected by other autoimmune diseases, and TNFα, IL1β, and caspase-1 production is increased by pre-incubation of monocytes with monoclonal aPL. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy.