CCL2 and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy: Using RT-PCR, it has been shown that exposing monocytes from healthy controls and monocytes from APS patients to low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), APS monocytes induced increased levels of TLR2, IL-23, CCL2, CXCL10, IL-1β, and IL-6, while LPS in healthy cells led to IL-6 and STAT3 elevation mRNAs [53].