In turn, differential expression analysis indicated that the expression of CD79A, VPREB3, LOXL1, BLK, FKBP10, FCRL5, COL1A2, HTRA1, and CD19 was significantly increased in patients with COPD, relative to controls (all P<0.05, Supplementary Figure 1). Here, CD19 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.