sign.: age (≥45 y: OR 3.81 [95% CI: 2.22‐6.54], P < .0001), male gender (1.92 [1.49‐2.48], P < .0001), PN (7.20 [4.84‐10.71], P < .0001), duration of diabetes (≥10 y: 2.50 [1.66‐3.77], P < .0001), insulin use (3.98 [3.02‐5.23], P < .0001), retinopathy (1.84 [1.43‐2.35], P < .0001), poor glycaemic control (1.49 [1.12‐1.98], P = .006);. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.