A coordinated upregulation of 5′-NT and purinoceptor expression, particularly A2AR expression, has been suggested by previous reports such as in hippocampal astrocytes of human patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) [44], in a rat model of Parkinson's disease [45], and in a rat model of AD [46]. The gene discussed is ADORA2A; the disease is Alzheimer disease.