Since both aging and sepsis can reduce HLA-DR expression, antigen presentation, phagocytosis in monocytes and macrophages, which may cause additive effects on heightened suppressive function in the elderly septic patients, IFN-γ and GM-CSF could be therapeutic alternatives to reverse monocyte and macrophage dysfunction in elderly septic patients to improve survival. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and Sepsis.