CCL4 and brain infarction: It has been shown that the gene expressions of ccr5 and the ligands of ccr5 (ccl3, ccl4, and ccl5) are increased in the brain 24h and 7 days after MCAO, and that CCR5 knockout mice exacerbate the severity of cerebral infarction at 2 and 7 days post-MCAO and worsen motor function deficits 24h and 3 days after experimental stroke [22].