In this multi-institutions-based study of NSCLC patients with platinum-based chemotherapy, we characterized divergent association of platinum efflux transporter gene ABCG2 polymorphism with response and survival, and identified interaction between ABCG2 and the platinum uptake transporter gene SLC31A1 associated with clinical outcomes, furthering the pharmacogenetics understanding of platinum-based chemotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene ABCG2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.