Among 43 patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in clinical trials for advanced HCC at a medical referral centre in Taiwan, early AFP response (defined as >20% decline in serum AFP levels within the first 4 weeks of treatment initiation) was associated with higher treatment efficacy.39 AFP responders exhibited significantly longer OS (median, 28.0 vs. 11.2 months) and PFS (median, 15.2 vs. 2.7 months) compared with AFP non-responders. Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.