CALR and cancer: Although caspase activation plays a key role during DAMP emission and the immunogenicity of the cell death induced by several cancer treatments,23,41,42 it has also been observed that a DAMP emission can be triggered in a caspase-independent fashion, for instance, Hyp-PDT-induced CRT exposure is caspase-independent,43 and chemotherapeutic agents can activate an alternative caspase-insensitive mechanism for secretion of ATP.44