The geometric mean of the IL-18 concentrations in the pterygium patients with DE was 17.44 times higher (95% CI 5.50–55.25) than that of the HCs without DE (p < 0.001) and 14.85 times higher (95% CI 7.26–30.37) than that of the pterygium groups without DE (p < 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and pterygium.