PDCD1 and neoplasm: We identified a total of 62,244 CD8+ T cells in all NPC samples, which were grouped into 11 clusters based on their expression of canonical markers, including two naïve (CD8_C1_LEF1 and CD8_C2_TCF7), blood central memory (CD8_C3_KLRB1), blood effector memory (CD8_C4_KLRG1), high migration (CD8_C5_CX3CR1), tumour central memory (CD8_C6_IL7R), tumour effector memory (CD8_C7_GZMK and CD8_C8_MHC), tissue resident memory (CD8_C9_XCL1), high proliferating (CD8_C10_MKI67), and exhausted (CD8_C11_PDCD1) T cells (Fig. 2a, b, Supplementary Data 1 and 2).