The antibiotic-exposed pups showed trends toward higher anaphylaxis scores (repeated scratching around the nose and mouth, puffy eyes and nose, and reduced activity [Fig. 5E]) and expressed somewhat higher levels of splenic interleukin 5 (IL-5) and IL-13 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) after ex vivo restimulation with ovalbumin (Fig. S5C and D). This evidence concerns the gene IL5 and anaphylaxis.