CAV1 and infection: However, the presence of CAV-1 in a client-owned dog population in Italy confirms the continuous risk of infection, at least in Southern Europe; a recent Italian study included 51 dogs that were presented to a veterinary clinic in Bologna for reasons unrelated to CAV-infection; 4 of these dogs (8%) were PCR-positive for CAV-1 and 30 dogs (59%) were PCR-positive for CAV-2.