Peng et al. investigated plasma EV miRNA expression levels, and dynamics among epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) wild-type (WT) advanced NSCLC patients during immune-checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 monotherapy. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.