These include the potential diagnostic importance of the assessment of the serum levels of certain specific brain-derived proteins, such as S100β and NSE, in order to identify the cognitive dysfunction that is associated with brain injury [66]; the decreased levels of GDNF as a predictor of worse cognitive performance [90]; the evaluation of SHH and TTR as potential plasma biomarkers for the diagnosis of MCI [26]; the Rho/ROCK/NF-κB signaling as a novel molecular target [93]; the determination of hormones as predictors of cognitive function [94]. This evidence concerns the gene GDNF and injury.