The study by Formenti et al. in NSCLC patients who had failed to respond to ICI alone or in combination with chemotherapy, reported a systemic anti-tumor response mediated by T cells when treated with anti-CTLA-4 mAb in combination with either 5 × 6 Gy or 3 × 9.5 Gy. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.