The first-line, phase III LUX-Lung 3 (LL3) trial in metastatic EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC had documented a significant improvement in the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) with afatinib 40 mg/day versus pemetrexed/cisplatin (11.1 vs 6.9 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; p = 0.001) for all patients with EGFR mutations [5]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.