The LUX-Lung 1 (LL1) trial was a phase IIb/III study in patients with chemotherapy- and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)–progressive NSCLC, in which afatinib 50 mg/day prolonged PFS versus placebo (3.3 vs 1.1 months; HR, 0.38; p <0.0001), but there was no corresponding improvement in the primary endpoint of overall survival (OS; 10.8 vs 12.0 months; HR, 1.08; p = 0.74) [7]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.