LCN2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Circulating Lcn2 is elevated with obesity and correlates with adiposity, adipose distribution, and inflammatory markers, though the significance of this relationship is contestable and not necessarily causal, with Liu et al. observing circulating Lcn2 to neither correlate with nor predict the incidence of insulin resistance or cardiovascular risk factors [66, 202, 205, 206].