On the other hand, excessive microglial activation induces significant neurotoxic effects by the excess production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin (IL)-1β [9], which may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke [10]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is ischemic stroke.