In humans, targeting IL‐1β by recombinant IL‐1Ra (Larsen et al., 2007) or anti‐IL‐1β (Cavelti‐Weder et al., 2012; Sloan‐Lancaster et al., 2013) improves plasma glucose, β‐cell function, insulin resistance, and/or inflammation in T2D patients. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Insulin resistance.