This included genes previously suspected to be associated with RCC survival, notably immune related biomarkers, namely RARRES1 (36,37), interleukin receptor IL20RB (38,39), immune activator CLEC3B (40,41) and tetraspanin TSPAN7 (42,43), as well as several hypoxia-inducible factors target genes such as CDCP1 (44), FYN (45) and TRIB3 (46), of particular interest given the key role of oxygen and metabolism homeostasis in kidney cancer. Here, RARRES1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.