There is a substantial body of literature showing that PPAR-gamma (which was up-regulated by all three cannabis oil extract dilutions) can have beneficial effects in the therapy of COPD, and more specifically, that airway epithelial cells are affected by PPAR-gamma (Belvisi and Mitchell 2009; Morissette et al. 2015; Solleti et al. 2015). Here, PPARG is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.