CTSB and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): To elucidate whether primary glioblastoma exhibit expression of pro-survival autophagy, Jennewein et al. analyzed 350 astrocytomas for the expression of autophagy-related markers, including p62, Beclin1, LC3B, BAG cochaperone 3 (BAG3), cathepsin B (CTSB) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) lysosomal markers [62].