Microglial hyperactivation is also found in C9orf72 ALS/FTD post-mortem brain regions, as evidenced by altered cell morphology and increased markers of gliosis (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) immunoreactivity), compared to sporadic ALS/FTD cases [4,141,142] (Table 2). Here, AIF1 is linked to frontotemporal dementia.