TNF and colitis: 2017; Li et al. 2018). It is believed that TNF-α influences colitis related pathways like the NF-κB mediated signalling as well as recruitment and activation of immune cells (Béres et al. 2016). Furthermore, the activation of NF-κB signalling plays key roles to promote the progression of inflammation (Nunes et al. 2017) and downregulation of miR-155 contributes to inhibition of inflammation (Hou et al. 2017).